Pan-European report
XENOPHOBIA, MINORITY RIGHTS AND RADICALISATION IN THE OSCE AREA, 2020-2022
The European Center of Democracy Development offers yet another analytical report by an international team of leading experts on minority rights and manifestations of hatred, this time from 2020-22. The study covers 13 OSCE countries, including the United States and Canada. Of course, this set of monitoring countries does not cover all states that are members of this international organisation, but it allows us to trace general trends in lawmaking, law enforcement practice, and other areas of government and public life that affects the situation with extremism. The paper analyses the factors influencing the formation of public demand for radicalism, manifestations of xenophobia and racism, provides statistics on hate crimes, and analyses the activities of radical and extremist organisations. The analysis is based on the examples of the UK, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria, Serbia, Poland, and France, as well as the USA, Canada, Russia, and Ukraine.
XENOPHOBIA, MINORITY RIGHTS AND RADICALISATION IN THE OSCE AREA, 2020-2022 (PDF, 2,17 MB)
XENOPHOBIA,RADICALISM AND HATE CRIME IN THE OSCE AREA, 2018-20
The monograph "Xenophobia, Radicalism and, Hate Crimes in the OSCE Area, 2018-20", prepared by the Moscow Economic Institute with the assistance of the European Center for the Development of Democracy, is a study by leading experts from around the world, based on monitoring and comparative analysis of anti-extremist legislation, law enforcement practice, the level of public tolerance, statistics of hate crimes committed, and activities of radical and extremist organizations from 2018 to 2020 in a number of countries around the world. The geographic scope of the study is designated as the "OSCE area", although we are talking about 10 European countries and 2 North countries including America. Of course, such a set of monitoring countries does not cover all the states that are members of this international organization, however, it allows us to trace general trends in lawmaking, law enforcement practice and other spheres of government and public life that affect the situation with extremism. The work analyzes the factors influencing the formation of public demand for radicalism, manifestations of xenophobia and racism, and provides statistics on hate crimes. A separate subject of research is the description of the main active radical and extremist organizations in Europe and North America. The analysis is given on the example of Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and France, as well as the USA, Canada, Russia and Ukraine.
Xenophobia, Radicalism and, Hate Crimes in the OSCE Area, 2018-20.pdf (2,67MB)
XENOPHOBIA, RADICALISM AND HATE CRIME, 2018
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This book is another annual report on major manifestations of hate in the European space in 2017-2018. Prepared by leading experts from different countries, the report analyzes various factors that trigger the formation of a public demand for radicalism and that lead to the manifestations of xenophobia and racism. The report also discusses statistics on hate crime.
A separate subject of research is the prerequisites of xenophobia and the role of political parties and groups in the formation of a public demand for radicalism. The analysis focuses on 13 countries of the EU - namely, Austria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, and France, - as well as on two non-EU countries, which greatly influence political and economic processes in Europe – Russia and Ukraine.
Xenophobia, Radicalism, and Hate Crime in Europe (2018).pdf (1,21MB)
RADICAL RIGHTS IN EUROPE
Report "Contemporary far-right. Right radicalism in Europe: ideology, social base, prospects" was prepared in 2018 by leading European experts within joint global project "European Tolerance Forum", implemented by several non-governmental expert organizations of the EU, Russia and Ukraine. The project aims to monitor and study xenophobia, radicalism and hate crimes in 10 countries of the continent - in Hungary, Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Ukraine and France.
The report on the right European radicalism answers a whole series of questions that are of concern today not only for researchers but also for politicians and common people: what is the social basis of modern right-wing radicalism, what are the objective prerequisites and possible directions for its development, what underlies this ideology, what are the sources financing of right-wing radical organizations, and who are their leaders?
The data was prepared by of researchers from a number of European universities and research centers, who participated in the "European Tolerance Forum" project. They come from Dept. of History at Northampton University, UK, Teesside University, Center for fascist, anti-fascist and post-fascist studies, UK, The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), Department Chair of Social Research Methodology at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Faculty of Social Science; Pantheon University of Athens, the Berlin Register for documentation of manifestations of right-wing extremism and discrimination in the district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany, Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Jagiellonian University, Dept. of History, Kracow, Center for Monitoring and Comparative Analysis of Intercultural Communications at the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Institute of the national policy and inter-ethnic relations Studies, Moscow, the Ukrainian Institute of Analysis and Management Policy.
Radical Rights in Europe.pdf (0,98MB)
XENOPHOBIA, RADICALISM AND HATE CRIME, 2016
In 2016, the problems of migration and terrorism remained in the focus of the European public. In this regard, the question of trust for the government did not lose its relevance. The year was also characterized by active actions of radical parties and groups, whose influence has significantly increased in recent years due to the influx of refugees.
The analysis of xenophobic manifestations and statistics of Hate crime in 2016 indicate that the social crisis caused by the influx of refugees, globalization and the growth of nationalistic sentiments in Europe continues despite the efforts of the authorities of most countries in the region. This crisis threatens to undermine social cohesion. That is also the and direct threat to the democratic values.
The purpose of this study is to analyze both the main manifestations of xenophobia and the activities of radical groups in Europe in 2016, and the forms of government response to these manifestations. The actions of the authorities were a separate subject of study, as they testify how far the state and European structures were ready for new challenges.
The objects of the study are 8 EU countries - UK, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and France, as well as, as already mentioned, two countries that are not members of the EU, but which have a significant impact on the political and economic processes in Europe, namely, Russia and Ukraine.
The preparation of the material involved researchers from various European universities and research centers: Department of History at Northampton University, UK; the Center for the Study of Fascism, Antifascism, and Post-Fascism at Teesside University, UK; the Institute for Strategic Studies of France; Department of Sociology and the Department of Social Research Methodology at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest; Political Capital Institute, Budapest; Faculty of Social Science at The Pantheon University of Athens; the Berlin Register for documentation of manifestations of right-wing extremism and discrimination in the district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany; the Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Netherlands; The history of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow; the Russian Institute for the Study of National Politics and Interethnic Relations, Moscow; the Ukrainian Institute of Analysis and Management.
The study analyzes legislation relating to minority rights, law enforcement practices, statistics and the nature of hate crimes, the level of xenophobia amongst the population, the position of the authorities in relation to modern challenges, and the activity of right-wing and Islamist groups.
Pan-European Report-2017-ed!.pdf (1,5MB)
2015 was a year characterised by an unprecedented migrant crisis, escalated terrorist activity, and increased influence of radical political parties. Growing xenophobic tensions were accompanied by the rise of populist parties on the one hand and the radicalisation of Muslim youths on the other, which played a significant role in the attitude and treatment of refugees and immigrants this year. These trends have been observed against the background of anti-Semitic and Islamophobic sentiments, which have already been high for several years, as well as institutionalised racism in public and law enforcement bodies. Given these observations, it can be said that the European society is not only in the midst of racial and religious stratification, but also faces serious changes related to the transformation of identity and the growing civilizational conflicts.
The conducted study aimed to analyse the most prominent manifestations of hate in European countries in 2015 and to identify factors that affect the demand for radicalism in society. The study also focused on the preparedness and responses of governments to modern challenges. Research was conducted in 8 EU member states (France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom), as well as Russia and Ukraine, as countries who play a significant role in political and economic processes in Europe.
The study involved researchers from various universities and research centres across Europe: Department of History at Northampton University, UK; Teesside University, Centre for Fascist, Anti-Fascist and Post-Fascist Studies, UK; Department Chair of Social Research Methodology at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Faculty of Social Science; Political Capital Institute in Budapest; Pantheon University of Athens; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement; Jagiellonian University, Dept. of History, Krakow; Russian Institute of the National Policy and Inter-Ethnic Relations Studies, Moscow; Ukrainian Institute of the Political Analysis and Management; Human Rights Centre “Religion and the Law”, Kiev.
Analysis was conducted in the following areas: legislation affecting minorities, law enforcement practices, treatment of human rights activists, hate crime statistics, xenophobic sentiments in the population, and government responses to modern challenges, such as the refugee crisis and the threat of radical Islamism. These observations form a basis for recommendations, which outline the steps to improve the situation regarding minority rights and de-escalating public tensions.
This report has been produced with the support of the European Centre of Tolerance.
