Data on vandalism directed against the antifascist past of the country refer mainly to 2013-2014. On January 31, swastika was found painted on a memorial plaque to antifascist partisans in Turin. On August 8, a memorial plaque dedicated to antifascist V. Valibrandi was desecrated in Rome; and on September 2, a memorial plaque dedicated to the Jewish brigade that liberated the city in 1944 was desecrated in Pesaro.